How Parallax works

What actually happens when you hold, send and mine LAX, explained without the jargon and with the real numbers.

01Wallets

Your wallet is a key, not an account

No company holds your balance. Your coins sit on a public ledger, and only the holder of one secret number can move them.

Example values

Private key

A random 256-bit number. Whoever knows it controls the coins. Never share it.

Public key

044e3b81af9c2234cad09d679ce6035ed1…277956de

Derived from the private key. Lets anyone check your signatures.

Address

0x2c7536E3605D9C16a7a3D7b1898e529396a65c23

A short fingerprint of the public key. Share it to get paid.

Easy to compute this way. Infeasible to reverse.

Nobody issues it

Your wallet generates the key on your own device. No signup, no approval, no account that someone can close.

The recovery phrase is the key

Most wallets write the key out as 12 or 24 words. Lose them and the coins are gone for good; anyone who sees them can take the coins.

Same format as Ethereum

Addresses look like Ethereum's 0x… addresses, so existing wallets and hardware signers work. The same key controls the same address on both chains, so check which network you are on before sending.

02Transactions

What happens when you press Send

A payment reaches every node on the network in seconds, then waits for a miner to write it into the chain.

  1. 01

    Sign

    Instant

    Your wallet builds the transaction (recipient, amount, fee) and signs it with your private key. The key never leaves your device.

  2. 02

    Broadcast

    Seconds

    The signed transaction goes to a node, which passes it to its peers. Within seconds the whole network has it.

  3. 03

    Mempool

    Until mined

    Each node checks the signature and the balance, then holds the transaction in its waiting room: the mempool.

  4. 04

    Mined into a block

    ~10 minutes on average

    A miner picks transactions, highest fee first, and finds a valid proof-of-work. The new block goes out to every node.

  5. 05

    Confirmed

    +1 per block

    Every block built on top adds a confirmation. The deeper a transaction sits, the harder it is to undo.

Why wait for confirmations

Blocks average ten minutes but don't arrive like clockwork: some come after one minute, some after twenty. Now and then two miners find a block at the same moment and the network briefly splits. It settles on the branch that gets more work on top, and transactions in the losing block go back to the mempool. Every block stacked on yours makes reversing it more expensive.

  1. 1

    10 min

  2. 2

    20 min

  3. 3

    30 min

  4. 4

    40 min

  5. 5

    50 min

  6. 6

    60 min

Small, everyday amounts
1–2 confirmations
Large amounts
6 confirmations, about an hour
Exchanges and merchants
Set their own threshold

Gas price

Fees are a plain auction

You choose a gas price. Miners fill blocks with the best-paying transactions first, and the whole fee goes to the miner. There is no base fee and nothing is burned. When blocks have room, a low fee gets in.

Mempool, by gas price

gwei

Into the next block

  • 42
  • 30
  • 21
  • 12

Waiting for a later block

  • 4
  • 1

03Mining

Miners compete to write the next block

Miners repeat one computation over and over, looking for a rare lucky result. Finding one takes enormous work; checking it takes any node a fraction of a second.

XHash

Parallax's proof-of-work. Memory-hard and derived from Ethash, but changed so existing Ethash ASICs can't run it. It runs on ordinary GPUs with Hashwarp, the official miner, or SRBMiner-Multi.

The mining loop

Illustration

Target 0x00000000ffff…

NonceXHash result
00x9f3a61d0e2…c21e
10x4c1e0b77fa…07ab
20xe8029c4b13…9d14
30x1b77e0fd5c…44a0
⋮⋮81,374,0260x000000003b7f…e905

No: change the nonce, try again

Yes: block found, broadcast it

ASERT keeps the clock

When miners join, blocks come faster; when they leave, slower. After every block, ASERT compares the chain with its ten-minute schedule and re-tunes the difficulty. For every two days the chain runs ahead of schedule, difficulty doubles; for every two days behind, it halves. Small drift gets small corrections, so block times stay near ten minutes whatever the hashrate does.

Hashrate doubles overnight

Illustration

Hashrate

Block time

10-minute target

10 min5 min

Blocks speed up for a while, then ASERT raises the difficulty until they are back on schedule.

The winner collects the block subsidy plus every fee in the block, spendable after 100 more blocks.

04Supply

Where new LAX comes from

Every LAX in existence was paid to a miner for a block. There was no premine and no sale: supply at genesis was zero.

Issuance schedule

Total supplyBlock subsidy
21,000,000 cap10.5M15.75M18.38M19.69M
50
25
12.5
6.25
3.13
1.56
0.78
0210k420k630k840k1,050k1,260k

Block height →

50 LAX
Subsidy per block in the first era
210,000
Blocks between halvings, about four years
21M
Maximum supply, ever
100
Blocks before newly mined coins can move

As the subsidy shrinks, fees take over. Miners keep every fee in full, so in the long run the network's security is paid for by the people using it, not by new coins.

05Smart contracts

Programs that hold money

Parallax runs the Ethereum Virtual Machine. A contract is code stored on the chain that can hold LAX and moves it only by its own rules.

Example

An escrow

Buyer
Escrow contract
  1. 1Hold the payment
  2. 2Release it to the seller when the buyer confirms delivery
  3. 3Refund the buyer if nothing happens in 30 days
Seller

Runs exactly as written

Every node runs the same code and must get the same result. Nobody can change a deployed contract unless its own code allows it.

Paid for in gas

Each step of computation costs gas, paid in LAX at the gas price you choose, like any other transaction.

Ethereum's tools

Solidity, Hardhat, Foundry and MetaMask all work. The EVM matches Ethereum's as of the Berlin upgrade.

06Full nodes

Every node checks everything

A full node downloads every block and re-checks every rule itself. It doesn't trust miners, other nodes, or this website.

No voting

Nodes don't vote and miners don't set the rules. Each node follows the valid chain with the most work behind it. A block that breaks a rule is rejected by every node that checks it, no matter how much hashpower produced it. That is why a majority can't change the rules.

Run a node

The client runs on an ordinary computer.

Incoming block

  • The proof-of-work meets the difficulty
  • Every signature is valid
  • No coin is spent twice
  • The miner took no more than the subsidy plus fees
  • Every contract call gives the same result

All pass: added to the chain

Any fail: rejected, however much work went into it